Glenn Summerhayes, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago (glenn.summerhayes@otago.ac.nz)
Anne Ford, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago (anne.ford@otago.ac.nz)
Ben Shaw, PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science
University of New South Wales (ben.shaw@unsw.edu.au) 
 

The Western Pacific has witnessed some of the largest scale migrations in human history, from the late Pleistocene initial colonization of modern humans, through to the long distance sea voyages of the Austronesians in the late Holocene. These migrations have caused substantial environmental and cultural change as new colonists learn how to adapt to or modify new environments and their resources. For the Austronesians, these new encounters would also have coincided with meeting preexisting populations in Papua New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, prior to their movement out into the remoter parts of the Pacific, where they transported cultural landscapes onto previously uninhabited islands. The panel participants will discuss the latest research on a range of topics related to this long history, including the colonization of new environments and development of agriculture in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea, the Austronesian movement into the Western Pacific, and later regional developments in environment and cultural histories. This panel includes papers focused on the Western Pacific region (Japan, West Papua, Papua New Guinea, Solomons, Vanuatu, Fiji, Micronesia, Madagascar).

Organizers: Hisashi Fujita (Niigata College of Nursing, Japan) and Dong Hoon Shin (Seoul National University, South Korea)

Abstract: Recently, paleopathology has been established in Asia as the indispensable study of tissues remnant in ancient biological specimens. By various anthropological and other biological techniques, the secular changes in health and disease patterns of Asian populations could be successfully traced. The obtained information thereby contributes to more comprehensive understanding of the reciprocal interaction between human beings and disease throughout long history. In this session, we will try to discuss the recent progress in paleopathological studies in different countries of Asia. The authors will discuss about the ancient people’s life and diseases from the perspectives of archaeology, anthropology, osteology, parasitology, radiology, and molecular biology etc.

Conveners: Marlon Ririmasse and Peter Lape
 
The Maluku (Moluccas) region of eastern Indonesia was historically famous as the Spice Islands. Its role as the source for cloves and nutmeg was recorded in Chinese documents as early as the 2^nd century CE. Trade in other exotic commodities such as Bird of Paradise feathers connected other islands in the region to global markets. Contact and interaction with European traders in the 15^th century established the role of Maluku as an important intersection for various linguistic groups, religions and political interests.
Geographically situated at the southwest corner of the Pacific Ocean, the Maluku archipelago incorporates the majority of Wallacea, the biogeographic region between the Pleistocene continents Sunda and Sahul and the likely path of early humans migrating between these areas 40-60 kya. A number of Dongson kettledrum scattered in this region indicate possible interaction with the outside world during the late prehistoric period. New rock art sites have been identified and connected Maluku with ancient art in the wider region. Research in the last decade has revealed traces of Neolithic culture that provide insights into the introduction of domestic plants and animals to the region, and provided new ways of understanding how Maluku peoples adapted to new religions and colonial forces.
This positive progress has brought new insights for our understanding of these islands, although compared to its colossal potential, our knowledge of the past of Maluku remains vague. Early human occupation in relation to mobility and interaction with the surrounding areas is still a main question. Likewise, we still have a poor understanding of issues of adaptation in islands environments and early economies. Knowledge of environmental changes in the past and their social impacts has not yet been widely researched. The unique responses of Maluku social groups to outside trade and colonial forces still need the input of archaeological data to counter documentary biases. Many of the thousands of islands in the region have yet to be surveyed by archaeologists.
For over a decade beginning in 1998, violent social conflict in Maluku affected academic research and to some extent, reset the role of the past in the present of the region. Fortunately, following a positive recovery, Maluku has restored its role in global academic interest. A number of international collaborative projects have been conducted to understand culture history of the region from interdisciplinary perspectives. Contemporary residents of Maluku have been increasingly interested in exploring their unique identity by reflecting on their history, culture and archaeological heritage.
This session will discuss these recent developments from the perspectives of archaeology, anthropology, history, linguistics and related studies.